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The Grant Lifecycle

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Grantcycle timeline

The grant process follows a clear, structured lifecycle that guides you from early idea development to project completion. It begins by strategically positioning your proposal through evidence-based research development, moves through application submission and sponsor review, and continues into award management and successful project implementation. At USM, this lifecycle is divided into three distinct phases, each with tailored support and specific action steps. To provide deeper, more focused assistance, we’ve separated the early stage into a dedicated Research Development phase, helping you build stronger, more competitive proposals from the start.

Depending on where you are in the process, you can navigate directly to the phase that aligns with your current needs. However, if you're new to sponsored research or want a better understanding of the full journey, we encourage you to explore all phases below. Doing so will help you prepare for future opportunities and align your research with both sponsor goals and your own academic vision.

Research Development Phase

Laying the Groundwork
In the preliminary pre-award stage, the Principal Investigator (PI) begins shaping the research idea to align with both institutional goals and the priorities of potential funders. It is imperative during this phase that the PI thoughtfully engages with the Six Critical Questions developed by Dr. Roger Porter—an NSF-funded framework for building competitive proposals. These questions help clarify the project's purpose, audience, and potential impact, forming a strategic foundation for proposal development. 

Exploring Funding Pathways
Securing the right funding begins with awareness. PIs are encouraged to explore a range of external and internal funding sources to find opportunities that align with their research focus, institutional priorities, and the broader goals of sponsors. This includes identifying programs that support emerging scholars, interdisciplinary work, or community engagement, as well as understanding the priorities and eligibility criteria of funders.

Access Systems and Resources


Building Strategic Alignment
The PI identifies funding mechanisms that support the proposed research and studies past awardees and program announcements to understand the agency’s focus areas. This alignment helps ensure the concept is both competitive and responsive to current scientific or societal needs. 

Engaging Collaborators and Stakeholders
At this stage, the PI may engage co-investigators, community partners, or interdisciplinary teams. Roles and contributions are discussed early, fostering clear expectations and cohesive proposal planning.

Strengthening the Concept
The PI begins refining the research question, formulating objectives, and outlining potential methods. Early literature reviews or pilot data collection may support the concept’s feasibility and significance. To support this work, PIs should utilize the extensive research databases, journals, and discipline-specific resources available through — an essential step in grounding the proposal in current scholarship and identifying opportunities for innovation.

Proactive Positioning
When no clear funding opportunity aligns with the PI’s research interests, proactively developing a concept outline tailored to a specific sponsor is both strategic and advisable. These succinct documents convey the research idea, its relevance, and its alignment with the sponsor’s mission.

Evaluating such outlines can follow a weighted structure:

  • Summary (60%): Clarity and strength of the core idea.
  • Broader Impacts (20%): Potential societal, educational, or policy contributions.
  • Intellectual Merit (20%): Scientific rigor, originality, and potential to advance knowledge.

In data-driven funding environments, these outlines serve not only as planning tools but also as potential catalysts for future investment.

Planning an Opportunity
In the early stages of the grant process, the grant-making agency plans and develops a funding program based on its mission, the Administration, and congressional initiatives.

Announcing an Opportunity
Next, the grant-making agency formally announces the funding opportunity, advertising it to applicant communities and inviting proposals tailored to address the program mission. 

pre-award Phase

Completing an Application

Completing a grant application can take several weeks and involves multiple steps. The PI is responsible for developing the project narrative, budget, and other required components, often in coordination with departmental staff and the Office of Research Administration (ORA). The application must align with sponsor guidelines and institutional policies, and typically includes detailed descriptions of the proposed work, personnel, and financial plans. Once the application is complete and all internal reviews and approvals are obtained, it is submitted to the sponsor through the appropriate submission portal.

Retrieving an Application

Once the application is submitted to the sponsor, the PI and institutional contacts are typically notified by email confirming receipt. From there, the sponsor begins its internal review and processing of the application.

Staying in the Loop

The PI can track the status of the application by communicating directly with the sponsoring agency. Each sponsor has its own process for managing and updating application status.

Retrieving an Application

When an application has been submitted, the application is retrieved by the grant-making agency and screened for compliance. If it passes initial screening, the application is routed to the appropriate agency program for consideration.

Finishing the Review Process

As the funding agency reviews applications, a range of program stakeholders may be involved in the process. The timeline and steps can vary depending on the grant type, but generally follow a standard progression: an initial screening to ensure the application is complete, a programmatic review to assess the substance and alignment with agency priorities, a financial review of the proposed budget, and finally, an award decision and announcement. During this period, grant-making agencies may provide status updates to applicants as the review advances.

Award Phase

Launching the Research Journey

Once the Notice of Award is issued to the university and processed by ORA, the PI may begin the project once funds are disbursed. Although the award is made to the institution, the PI is responsible for carrying out the project and ensuring compliance with all administrative, financial, and programmatic reporting requirements.

Notifying the Award Recipient

When the review process has been completed, the funding agency notifies the applicants whether or not they have been awarded a grant. The agency also begins working with the award recipient to finalize the legal framework for the funding agreement. Following this, the funds are disbursed.

Post Award Phase

Reporting Your Progress
The PI is responsible for submitting all required progress and technical reports in accordance with sponsor guidelines. These reports demonstrate how the project is meeting its goals and help maintain compliance throughout the life of the award. Deadlines and reporting requirements can vary by sponsor, so it is important to review the award terms carefully. If a PI is contacted for an audit or becomes aware that one may occur, they should notify their Post-Award Administrator immediately for support and guidance.

Providing Support and Oversight
Throughout the life of the award, the sponsor plays an active role in providing oversight and ensuring compliance. After funds have been disbursed, a grants management officer from the sponsoring agency monitors reporting requirements and reviews submissions from the PI. This oversight may include regular review of progress reports, as well as on-site visits with the project team. In some cases, the sponsor may also initiate an audit to assess financial and programmatic compliance.

Award Closeout
As the award period ends, the sponsor continues its oversight by reviewing all final submissions from the PI, including technical and financial reports. Program officials ensure that all closeout requirements are fulfilled in accordance with the terms of the award. Once all final documents have been reviewed and accepted, and any outstanding issues resolved, the sponsor formally closes out the award, marking the end of the grant lifecycle.


Roles and Responsibilities

At USM, we are committed to upholding integrity and excellence in the management of externally funded projects that support research, scholarship, and creative activity. This guide outlines the key individuals and administrative units involved in research administration, providing a clear understanding of roles, responsibilities, and expectations. ORA is your central partner throughout the lifecycle of an externally funded project. ORA helps ensure compliance with university, sponsor, state, and federal requirements — but successful project management is a shared responsibility. It relies on strong collaboration across departments, colleges, and administrative offices.

This guide defines responsibilities across several key roles, including PIs, Department or Center Administrators, College or School Administrations, and ORA. We recognize that each unit is structured differently — so roles like “department administration” may be handled by lab managers, departmental staff, shared service centers, or college-level teams. Deans or Directors determine how responsibilities are assigned within their respective areas. Everyone involved in research at USM is expected to take ownership of their role and uphold the highest ethical and professional standards. Together, we contribute to a culture of excellence and accountability. If you're unsure about your responsibilities, start by contacting your college or school’s administrative office. ORA is also here to support you at every step.

Proposal Preparation

  1. Prepares technical proposal and scope of work.
  2. Prepares proposal that meets requirements outlined in the application instructions, including applicable rules and regulations.
  3. Assures that the proposed project is appropriate in nature and scope and consistent with the departmental and institutional mission.
  4. Requests on-or-off-campus space needed in addition to that already assigned to the PI.
  5. Requests modifications or renovations to on-campus or off-campus space if necessary.
  6. Requests and documents approval through appropriate department/center/division process for cost sharing/matching funds as required.
  7. Requests a Facilities & Administrative cost waiver through appropriate department/center/division process, if required.
  8. Obtains letters of support from collaborators.
  9. Routes proposal for campus approval, allowing sufficient time for review before submission to meet the sponsor's deadline. All proposals should be sent to ORA at least five (5) business days before the submission due date.
  10. Confirm opportunity is not limited in the number of proposals USM can submit.

Compliance and Disclosures

  1. Completes all Payroll Compensation Compliance requirements.
  2. Discloses outside activities and updates their biosketch, current & pending/other support, etc.
  3. Discloses use of hazardous materials, biological toxins, recombinant DNA technology, and select agents.
  4. Discloses use of human subjects or human tissue research.
  5. Discloses use of vertebrate animals.
  6. Discloses use of human pluripotent stem cell.
  7. Discloses environmental impacts under MIssissippi Environmental Policy Act.
  8. Discloses action involving space, remodel, or construction.
  9. Discloses whether funding is primarily dedicated to building, renovations, or equipment.
  10. Discloses export controls involvement.
  11. Ensures individuals included in application have completed any applicable training requirements.
  12. If academic staff, confirms ability to submit as permanent or limited PI.

Proposal Finalization

  1. Completes the PI Certification in applicable systems.
  2. Makes revisions and corrections to administrative and non-administrative components of the proposal after institution review, but prior to submission.
  3. If PI is submitting the proposal, complies with Sponsor submission method and deadline.
  4. Confirms electronically submitted proposal matches what was intended for submission, e.g. legibility, receipt in sponsor system, etc.

Post-Submission, Pre-Award Revisions

  1. Prepares and submits updated proposal materials, including revised budgets, scopes of work, and Just In Time (JIT) to ORA for review and approval.
  2. Submits updated proposal materials, including scopes of work, and JIT to the sponsor if institutional endorsement is not required.
  3. Responds to sponsor’s questions regarding research/programmatic matters.
  4. Informs your dept/center/division administration that the proposal is going to be withdrawn or not going to be funded.
  5. Notifies ORA when Award Notice received by PI or department.
  1. Initiates relationships requiring an agreement (e.g. material transfer agreements, data use agreements, sponsored research etc).
  2. Completes the PI Certification in applicable systems (FP or Agreements, depending on type of agreement).
  3. Reviews and understands agreement prior to proceeding with research.
  1. Responds to sponsor's questions regarding research/programmatic matters.
  2. Works with department administrator to request award in advance, if necessary.
  3. Resolves noncompliance issues to enable award processing (e.g., IRB, IACUC, Outside Activity Reporting, required training, etc.).
  4. Reviews award notice for completeness and accuracy.
  5. Follows-up with sponsor when research/programmatic issues with award document arise.
  6. Identifies significant changes from proposal to award.
  7. Understands and agrees to all terms and conditions, with emphasis on performance clauses, including frequency of technical reports, special professional staff hourly reports, deliverables, termination conditions, etc.
  8. Works with department administrator to request establishment of outgoing subaward(s).
  1. Oversees and executes project aims or the statement of work.
  2. Monitors budget against expenses.
  3. Works with department/center administrator to prepare and submit Sole Source documentation/justification to request waivers for external contractor bidding.
  4. Works with department/center administrator to prepare documentation/justification for cost transfers (including the 120-day memo) and requests cost transfers.
  5. Complies with Uniform Guidance and sponsor requirements.
  6. Collaborates with the department/center administrator to initiate subawards and manages subrecipient communications.
  7. Prepares and submits subaward scope of work, budget, and budget justification.
  8. Monitors subaward expenses against budget to ensure scientific compliance.
  9. Approves concurrence reports (subaward invoices and work performed).
  10. Monitors subrecipient administrative and financial compliance.
  11. Retains necessary documentation for cost-sharing and/or matching funds.
  12. Monitors and ensures that required cost share is met, if applicable.
  13. Reviews accounts to identify and resolve issues or errors promptly.
  14. Reconciles account expenses regularly.
  15. Identifies and communicates any program income to Research and Sponsored Programs (ORA).
  16. Initiates carryforward requests, ensuring compliance with sponsor requirements and deadlines, if applicable.

Scientific/Program Management Responsibilities

  1. If the project team is submitting the interim progress report (RPPR), ensures compliance with sponsor submission methods and deadlines.
  2. Provides local oversight for implementing university, state, and federal policies and regulations.
  3. Submits invention disclosures to the Office of Innovation Management.
  4. Submits interim and final invention & patent progress reports to the sponsor (pursuant to applicable funding agreements).

 

  1. Assist PI with preparing proposal that meets requirements outlined in the application instructions, including applicable rules and regulations. Work with school/college/division office as necessary.
  2. Work with Purchasing to develop Small Business/Minority Subcontracting Plans as required.
  3. Support PI with request for on-or-off-campus space needed in addition to that already assigned to the PI.
  4. Support PI with request for modifications or renovations to on-campus or off-campus space if necessary.
  5. Create proposal record in system.
  6. Monitor proposal record as it routes through the internal review process.
  7. Develop an adequate and accurate budget and budget justification to accomplish the scope of work.
  8. Identify the appropriate Facilities & Administrative cost rate.
  9. Submit a Facilities & Administrative cost waiver request to the School, College, Division, if appropriate. Verify that budget items are in accordance with Uniform Guidance (which also includes cost accounting standards).
  10. Request and obtain budget, budget justification, scope of work, institutional approval and other relevant documents from subrecipients and consultants.
  11. Assist with completion of all Payroll Compensation Compliance requirements.
  12. Complete any required representations and certifications documents.
  13. Confirm opportunity is not limited in the number of proposals USM can submit.
  1. Initiates the record in applicable system.
  2. Works with PI to develop the scope of work and budget for projects (as applicable. Example: FFS, Sponsored Research, Clinical Trials).
  3. Relates the new record in the applicable system to other, related records.
  4. Submits approvals to School/College Dean’s Office prior to submission to ORA.
  5. Submits records to ORA for review and processing.
  6. If applicable to the school/college, serves as the primary point of contact for the ORA Contract Negotiator during negotiations.
  1. Review award notice for accuracy.
  2. Send award notice to ORA.
  3. Review, approve and route the initial set up of awards within the system.
  4. Request establishment of outgoing subaward(s).
  5. Request internal sub-projects/sub-grants. Follow school/college/division guidelines for routing records prior to sending to ORA.
  6. Request award in advance, if necessary.
  1. Monitor budget versus expenses and review/approve expenditures.
  2. Prepare Sole Source documentation and manage the external bidding process.
  3. Prepare and request documentation for cost transfers (including the 120-day memo).
  4. Process and review cost transfer requests for compliance with university policies.
  5. Comply with Uniform Guidance and sponsor requirements.
  6. Initiate subawards and manage subrecipient communications.
  7. Monitor subaward expenses against the budget.
  8. Initiate the close-out of subawards.
  9. Approve concurrence reports (subaward invoices and work performed).
  10. Monitor subrecipient administrative and financial compliance.
  11. Initiate transfers from units and other parties of promised cost share.
  12. Retain documentation of cost-sharing and/or matching funds.
  13. Monitor cost share requirements to ensure compliance.
  14. Review accounts to identify and resolve issues or errors promptly.
  15. Reconcile account expenses regularly.
  16. Provide timely and accurate financial reports to the PI and unit level.
  17. Review and approve financial reports before submission to the sponsor.
  18. Retain and provide supporting documentation required for submission with sponsor invoices.
  19. Ensure proper receipt and deposit of payments from sponsors.
  20. Monitor receivables to identify issues or overdue payments.
  21. Coordinate with the Revenue Management Team on late or unpaid invoices.
  22. Identify, monitor, and deposit program income.

Proposal Review

  1. Conduct /school/college level administrative review of proposal relative to consistency with University unit objectives, resource utilization or other concerns.
  2. Assure that the proposed project is appropriate in nature and scope and consistent with the departmental and institutional mission.
  3. Ensure budget and budget justification are accurate and complete.
  4. Approve and provide documentation to ORA for cost sharing/matching.
  5. Identify the appropriate Facilities & Administrative cost rate.
  6. Route to ORA a Facilities & Administrative cost waiver, if appropriate.
  7. Assist with completion of all Payroll Compensation Compliance requirements.
  8. Verify proposal record signatures/approvals present and correct.
  9. Verify proposal record data is consistent with proposal.
  10. Ensure that the applicant is eligible and/or approved to be a university PI.
  11. Confirm opportunity is not limited in the number of proposals USM can submit.
  12. Approve request for additional space or alterations to existing space.
  13. Approve proposal budget and justification.
  14. Ensure budget items are in accordance with Uniform Guidance and the cost accounting standards.
  15. Approve Dean or department funds to be used for matching/cost share funds.
  16. Verify sponsor required cost sharing commitments are met, documented, and approved.
  17. Review the application administrative components of the proposal for accuracy.
  18. Review the application for completeness.
  19. Route proposal for campus approval, allowing sufficient time for review before submission to meet the sponsor's deadline.
  20. Monitor proposal record as it routes through the internal review process.
  21. Finalize proposal record and submit to ORA.
  22. Suggest revisions and corrections to administrative components of the proposal after review, but prior to submission.
  23. Provide unit-level information needed for completion of sponsor-required certifications and assurances.
  24. Work with department/center to write (1) elective letters, (2) sponsor-required letters that only make commitments on behalf of unit, (3) letters that provide supporting documentation, and (4) any other letter not requiring an authorized University signature (e.g., requests for NIH study section assignment, cost sharing commitment letters not requiring an institutional signature, letters of support or recommendation).
    Work with department/center to write (1) modified versions of ORA template letters, and (2) sponsor-required letters that make commitments on behalf of unit (e.g., cost sharing) but require an authorized University signature.
  25. If PI is submitting the proposal, comply with Sponsor submission method and deadline.
  26. Log/post unit-submitted proposal into official proposal tracking database.

Post-Submission, Pre-Award Revisions 

  1. Review and submit updated proposal materials, including revised budgets, scopes of work, and JIT to ORA for review and approval.
  2. Review and submit updated proposal materials, including scopes of work, and JIT to the sponsor if institutional endorsement is not required.

Sponsor Interactions

  1. Respond to sponsor’s questions regarding research/programmatic matters.
  2. Inform ORA that proposal is going to be withdrawn or not going to be funded.
  3. Notify ORA when Award Notice received by PI or department.
  1. Approve the records prior to submission to ORA.
  2. Review and approve the budget (if applicable) prior to submission of the record to ORA.
  3. Review Department and PI responses for accuracy in applicable record prior to submission of record to ORA.
  4. Confirm any applicable due dates indicated by the Department prior to submission of the record to ORA.
  1. Respond to sponsor's questions regarding research/programmatic matters.
  2. Send award notice to ORA.
  3. Request award in advance, if necessary.
  4. Review and approve award in advance requests on behalf of school/college/division.
  5. Work with PI and department to resolve noncompliance issues to enable award processing.
  6. Follow-up with sponsor when research/programmatic issues with award document arise.
  7. Review Award Document for content, requirements, terms and conditions, etc.
  8. Request establishment of subawards(s).
  1. Review and approve expenditures for compliance.
  2. Adhere to Uniform Guidance and sponsor requirements.
  3. Submit carryforward requests, ensuring compliance with sponsor requirements and deadlines, if applicable.
  4. Initiate programmatic changes for the project.
  5. Support the submission of interim and final technical/progress reports.
  6. Review and approve cost transfers in compliance with university policies.

  1. Maintain a database of proposal submissions and awards.
  2. Act as an institutional authority as to the acceptability of sponsor requirements.
  3. Respond to questions from campus departments/centers/divisions related to all aspects of the proposal process.
  4. Verify proposal record signatures/approvals present and correct.
  5. Verify proposal record data is consistent with the proposal.
  6. Approve the proposal budget and justification.
  7. Ensure budget items are in accordance with Uniform Guidance and the cost accounting standards.
  8. Verify that the sponsor-required cost-sharing commitments are met, documented, and approved.
  9. Review and approve requests for F&A rate reductions or waivers.
  10. Review the application administrative components of the proposal for accuracy and completeness.
  11. Communication required revisions and corrections for proposal submission, if needed.
  12. Verify compliance with and provide signed certifications and assurances.
  13. Make edits or additions as needed.
  14. Write sponsor-required letters that make representations on behalf of the university (i.e., ORA template letters, letters indicating institutional agreement with or taking exception to sponsor award terms in a Request for Proposal or sponsor Program Announcement, etc.).
  15. Sign as the Institutional Official on behalf of the institution, assuring institutional oversight.
  16. If PI submits the proposal, return signed documents to PI for submission to the Sponsor.
  17. If ORA submits the proposal, comply with the Sponsor submission method and deadline.
  18. Log/post ORA-submitted proposal into official proposal tracking database, enter note on how submission was completed (email, system-to-system, etc.).
  1. Respond to the sponsor’s questions regarding administrative/contractual matters.
  2. Respond to questions from campus departments/centers/divisions related to all aspects of the negotiation process.
  3. Negotiate award terms and conditions, if necessary (Includes sovereign immunity, indemnification, publication restrictions, transfer of data ownership, jurisdiction outside of Mississippi, binding arbitration, certificate of insurance, classified research, appropriate indirect cost rates, audit requirements, payment terms and schedules, report forms, financial report schedules, and level of detail, patents and copyrights).
  4. Update PI, Department Administrators, and Dean’s Office on the status of negotiations in a timely manner.
  5. Obtain PI department/center/division approvals, as needed.
  6. Negotiate agreements for clinical trials.
  7. Negotiate sponsored research agreements.
  8. Negotiate research-related fee-for-service agreements.
  9. Negotiate Non-Funded Agreements (NDAs, MTAS, DTUAs, other Outgoing Unfunded Agreements).
  10. Negotiate Master Agreements (Sponsored Research, MTA, CDA, FFS, etc.).
  11. Upload fully executed Agreements to applicable systems.
  12. Update terms in the applicable system when uploading the agreement (as applicable).
  13. Route records to the Awards Team to set up accounts (as applicable).
  1. Review award notice for completeness and accuracy.
  2. Respond to sponsor's questions regarding research/programmatic matters.
  3. Respond to questions from campus departments/centers/divisions related to all aspects of the award setup process.
  4. Review and approve award in advance requests.
  5. Work with PI and Dept/Dean’s Office to set up award in financial system.
  6. Verify federal, state, local, sponsor and USM policy compliance.
  7. Verify all compliance is in place before setting up award (OAR, IACUC, IRB, etc).
  8. Work with PI and Dept/Dean’s Office to resolve noncompliant issues to enable award processing.
  9. Assure compliance with federal regulations regarding financial disclosure of potential conflicts of interest by working with the COI Office. Files reports as necessary.
  10. Follow-up with sponsor when research/programmatic issues with award document arise.
  11. Follow-up with sponsor when administrative/minor contractual issues with award document arise.
  12. Identify significant changes from proposal to award. If necessary, obtain approvals from sponsor or school/college/division.
  13. Accept and sign awards on behalf of the Board of Regents.
  14. Process award record in financial system.
  15. Verify effort is entered into the financial system.
  1. Review expenditures, including cost transfers, for allowability and compliance with Uniform Guidance, sponsor terms, state policies, and university regulations.
  2. Respond to questions from campus departments/centers/divisions related to all aspects of post-award administration.
  3. Prepare and submit interim and final financial reports (e.g., Financial Status Report, Federal Financial Report) to sponsors.
  4. Prepare and process letter of credit draws.
  5. Prepare and submit sponsor invoices with supporting documentation.
  6. Negotiate and execute subaward agreements.
  7. Collaborate with Purchasing to develop and submit Small Business/Minority Subcontracting reports, as required.
  8. Review and monitor subaward expenditures, including subaward invoices, for compliance, and prepare/submit required financial reports.
  9. Initiate the close-out process for subawards.
  10. Monitor and report required cost-sharing and matching funds.
  11. Pursuing late or non-payment of invoices by funding agencies.
  12. Identify, monitor, and report program income, preparing and submitting any required reports.
  13. If submitting the interim progress report, comply with the sponsor’s submission methods and deadlines.
  14. Submit interim and final invention and patent progress reports to sponsors, pursuant to funding agreements.
  15. Prepare and submit annual and final property reports to sponsors.
  16. Review and approve property disposition requests based on sponsor ownership requirements.
  17. Act as the primary point of contact for external and internal audits for sponsored programs, serving as the liaison between the campus and auditors to answer questions and provide documentation